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Direct Cable Connection
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Important Direct Cable Connection Notes
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100Base-(T) TX/T4/FX - Ethernet
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10Base-T/2/5/F/35 - Ethernet
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Straight Thru UTP Cables
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Suggested Articles:
Ethernet Protocol, CSMA/CD, Collisions
Propagation Delay
You may know that the minimum frame size in an Ethernet network is 64 bytes or 512 bits, including the 32 bit CRC. You may also know that the maxim...
Ethernet Protocol, CSMA/CD, Collisions
802.3 Fast Ethernet (100 Mbit/Sec) Model
Here we see a logical drawing of the Fast Ethernet Data Link Layer sublayers. Data is passed down from the upper layers (such as TCP/IP or Novell N...
TCP - UDP Protocol Analysis
TCP Header Anaylsis - Section 3: TCP Header Len...
The third field under close examination is the TCP Header length. There really isn't that much to say about the Header length other than to explain...
Network Address Translation - NAT
Dynamic NAT - Part 2
Our previous article, Dynamic NAT - Part 1, covered the basic idea of Dynamic Network Address Translation. We are now going to take a closer look a...
Featured Subcategories:
Netflow Articles:
Netflow vs SNMP. Two Different Approaches to Ne...
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) and Netflow are both popular protocols with admins, prized for their ability to give visibility over the ...
Netflow: Monitor Bandwidth & Network Utilizatio...
Monitoring network traffic & bandwidth usage via Netflow is mandatory for any type and size network. Gaining visibility into user traffic, appl...
Complete Guide to Netflow: How Netflow & its Co...
This article will cover the basics of Netflow, including its use cases, Netflow supported devices, Netflow history, and variants. We’ll also dive i...
NetFlow Analyzer: Free Download, Step-by-Step I...
In our previous article we explained how a Netflow Analyzer can help you gain visibility into your user traffic, application traffic and data flows...
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VLAN Networks
Static VLANs
VLANs are usually created by the network administrator, assigning each port of every switch to a VLAN. Depending on the network infrastructure and secur...
VLAN Networks
VTP Introduction & Modes
The invention of VLANs was very much welcomed by all engineers and administrators, allowing them to extend, redesign and segment their existing network ...
VLAN Networks
VLANs - IEEE 802.1q Trunk Link Protocol Analysis
While the VLAN Tagging article briefly covered the IEEE 802.1q protocol this article will continue building upon it by further analyzing the IEEE 802.1q...
VLAN Networks
Dynamic VLANs
Dynamic VLANs were introduced to grant the flexibility and complexity(!) that Static VLANs did not provide. Dynamic VLANs are quite rare because of thei...
Routing
OSPF - Part 6: OSPF LSA Types - Purpose and Function...
Our previous article explained the purpose of Link State Update (LSU) packets and examined the Link State Advertisement (LSA) information contained with...
Routing
Link State Routing Protocols
Link State routing protocols do not view networks in terms of adjacent routers and hop counts, but they build a comprehensive view of the overall networ...
Routing
OSPF - Part 3: OSPF Adjacency & Neighbor Forming Pro...
This is the thrid article of our 6-part OSPF series (see below) that describes how OSPF routers perform neighbor relationship and adjacency. We’ll exami...
Routing
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol - EIGRP
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), similar to IGRP, is a Cisco proprietary routing protocol that is used to exchange routing informatio...
Cisco Wireless
Cisco WLC Interfaces, Ports & Their Functionality. U...
Our previous article introduced Cisco’s popular Wireless ControllerCisco’s popular Wireless Controller (WLC) devices and examined their benefits to ente...
SASE & SD-WAN Networks
How To Secure Your SD-WAN. Comparing DIY, Managed SD...
With so much enterprise network traffic now destined for the cloud, backhauling traffic across an expensive MPLS connection to a data center to apply se...
Cisco Switches
Complete Guide to DHCP Snooping, How it Works, Conce...
This article covers popular Layer 2 & Layer 3 network attacks with a focus on DHCP Starvation Attacks, Man-in-the-Middle attacks, unintentional rogu...
Cisco Routers
Cisco Router Basic ISDN Configuration
Configuration of ISDN interfaces on Cisco routers are usually considered a straight-forward process, however there are some details which can cause your...