Suggested Articles:
IP Protocol
IP Protocol - Part 1: Binary & The Internet Proto…
To understand the Internet Protocol, we need to learn and understand Binary. It is very important to know and understand Binary because part of the I…
The OSI Model
The OSI Model: Layer 5 - Session Layer
The Session layer is responsible for setting up, managing and then tearing down sessions between Presentation layer entities. The Session layer also…
Subnetting
IP Subnetting - Part 2: Subnet Masks & Their Effe…
There are a few different ways to approach subnetting and it can get confusing because of the complexity of some subnets and the flexibility they off…
Network Fundamentals
Media Access Control - MAC Addresses
A MAC address, or Media Access Control address, is a unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller (NIC) for use as a network addres…
Featured Subcategories:
Netflow Articles:
Complete Guide to Netflow: How Netflow & its Comp…
This article will cover the basics of Netflow, including its use cases, Netflow supported devices, Netflow history, and variants. We’ll also dive int…
NetFlow Analyzer: Free Download, Step-by-Step Ins…
In our previous article we explained how a Netflow Analyzer can help you gain visibility into your user traffic, application traffic and data flows w…
Netflow: Monitor Bandwidth & Network Utilization…
Monitoring network traffic & bandwidth usage via Netflow is mandatory for any type and size network. Gaining visibility into user traffic, applic…
Netflow vs SNMP. Two Different Approaches to Netw…
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) and Netflow are both popular protocols with admins, prized for their ability to give visibility over the ne…
Wi-Fi Key Generator
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Cisco Password Crack
Decrypt Cisco Type-7 Passwords on the fly!
VLAN Networks
VLANs - Access & Trunk Links
If you've read our previous article The VLAN Concept - Introduction to VLANs then you should feel comfortable with terms such as 'VLAN', 'Stati…
VLAN Networks
VLANs - IEEE 802.1q Trunk Link Protocol Analysis
While the VLAN Tagging article briefly covered the IEEE 802.1q protocol this article will continue building upon it by further analyzing the IEEE 802.1q T…
VLAN Networks
VLAN InterSwitch Link (ISL) Protocol Analysis
Deciding whether to use ISL or IEEE 802.1q to power your trunk links can be quite confusing if you cannot identify the advantages and disadvantages of eac…
VLAN Networks
VTP Pruning
VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) pruning is a feature that is used in Cisco switches to reduce unnecessary traffic in VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) trunks…
Routing
Introduction to Routing Protocols
Distance Vector, Link State RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF
Routing protocols were created for routers. These protocols have been designed to allow the exchange…
Routing
Hybrid Routing Protocols - Advantages and Disadvantage…
Hybrid routing protocols are a combination of distance-vector and link-state routing protocols, and are used to provide a more efficient and scalabl…
Routing
Routed Protocols
We all understand that TCP/IP, IPX-SPX are protocols which are used in a Local Area Network (LAN) so computers can communicate between with each other and…
Routing
OSPF - Part 2: How OSPF Protocol Works & Basic Concept…
This article covers basic OSPF concepts and operation. We explain how OSPF works, how OSPF tables are built on an OSPF-enabled router and their purpose (N…
Network Protocol Analyzers
How to Perform TCP SYN Flood DoS Attack & Detect it wi…
This article will help you understand TCP SYN Flood Attacks, show how to perform a SYN Flood Attack (DoS attack) using Kali Linux & hping3 and correct…
Network Protocol Analyzers
How to Detect P2P (peer-to-peer) File Sharing, Torrent…
Peer-to-Peer file sharing traffic has become a very large problem for many organizations as users engage in illegal (most times) file sharing processes th…
Cisco Firewalls
Understand & Configure NAT Reflection, NAT Loopback, H…
This article examines the concept of NAT Reflection, also known as NAT Loopback or Hairpinning, and shows how to configure a Cisco ASA Firewall running AS…
Windows Servers
Introduction to Windows DNS – The Importance of DNS fo…
The Domain Name System (DNS) is perhaps one of the most important services for Active Directory. DNS provides name resolution services for Active Director…







