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Articles:
UDP Protocol - Header
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Suggested Articles:
Network Protocols
File Transfer Protocol - FTP
File transfer is among the most frequently used TCP/IP applications and it accounts for a lot of the network traffic on the Internet. Various standar…
Ethernet Protocol, CSMA/CD, Collisions
Late Ethernet Collisions
Late collisions, on the other hand, are not normal and are usually the result of out of spec. cabling or a malfunctioning adapter. A late collision i…
Subnetting
IP Subnetting - Part 1: The Basic Concepts
When we subnet a network, we basically split it into smaller networks. For example, when a set of IP Addresses is given to a company, e.g 254 they mi…
Supernetting & CIDR
The Supernetting / CIDR Chart
This articles build upon our previous pages covering what is Supernetting (Route Summarization) & How Supernets Work and Supernetting In-De…
Featured Subcategories:
Netflow Articles:
Netflow vs SNMP. Two Different Approaches to Netw…
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) and Netflow are both popular protocols with admins, prized for their ability to give visibility over the ne…
Bandwidth Detective: Uncover Hidden Traffic and E…
In this article, we explore the core principles of bandwidth management and examine how modern network monitoring technologies can assist in maintain…
NetFlow Analyzer: Free Download, Step-by-Step Ins…
In our previous article we explained how a Netflow Analyzer can help you gain visibility into your user traffic, application traffic and data flows w…
Complete Guide to Netflow: How Netflow & its Comp…
This article will cover the basics of Netflow, including its use cases, Netflow supported devices, Netflow history, and variants. We’ll also dive int…
Wi-Fi Key Generator
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Cisco Password Crack
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VLAN Networks
VLAN Tagging - Understanding VLANs Ethernet Frames
We mentioned that Trunk Links are designed to pass frames (packets) from all VLANs, allowing us to connect multiple switches together and independently co…
VLAN Networks
VTP Protocol - In-Depth Analysis
The previous article introduced the VTP protocol, we examined how it can be used within a network, to help manage VLANs and ease the administrative overhe…
VLAN Networks
VLAN InterSwitch Link (ISL) Protocol Analysis
Deciding whether to use ISL or IEEE 802.1q to power your trunk links can be quite confusing if you cannot identify the advantages and disadvantages of eac…
VLAN Networks
VTP Pruning
VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) pruning is a feature that is used in Cisco switches to reduce unnecessary traffic in VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) trunks…
Routing
Routed Protocols
We all understand that TCP/IP, IPX-SPX are protocols which are used in a Local Area Network (LAN) so computers can communicate between with each other and…
Routing
Routing Information Protocol - RIP
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance-vector routing protocol that is commonly used in small to medium-sized networks. It is one of the o…
Routing
OSPF - Part 6: OSPF LSA Types - Purpose and Function o…
Our previous article explained the purpose of Link State Update (LSU) packets and examined the Link State Advertisement (LSA) information contained within…
Routing
The IP Routing Process - Step-by-Step Analysis
We are going to analyse what happens when routing occurs on a network (IP routing process). When I was new to the networking area, I thought that all you…
Cisco Routers
How To Configure Router On A Stick - 802.1q Trunk To C…
Router-on-a-stick is a term frequently used to describe a setup up that consists of a router and switch connected using one Ethernet link configured as an…
Network Protocol Analyzers
Introducing Colasoft Unified Performance Management
Colasoft Unified Performance Management (UPM) is a business-oriented network performance management system, which analyzes network performance, quality, f…
Virtualization & VM Backup
6 Key Areas to Consider When Selecting a VM Backup Sol…
Backup and Disaster recovery are core considerations for any business with an IT footprint, whether that is on-premises or in the cloud.
Your business de…
Cisco Routers
Cisco Router 'User Exec' Mode
Introduction
Let's see what it looks like to be in User-Exec mode on a Cisco router. Below, we have telneted into our lab router and are in User Exec Mod…







