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Suggested Articles:

Ethernet Protocol, CSMA/CD, Collisions
The following is a description of the frame format described by the original Ethernet Version II specification as released by DEC, Intel, and Xerox…
The OSI Model
The Presentation Layer gets its name from its purpose: It presents data to the Application layer. It's basically a translator and provides coding and…
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
In this article we will examine the Spanning Tree Bridge ID structure, explain why it has increments of 4096, how VLAN information is embedded (for P…
The OSI Model
The Session layer is responsible for setting up, managing and then tearing down sessions between Presentation layer entities. The Session layer also…

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Netflow Articles:

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) and Netflow are both popular protocols with admins, prized for their ability to give visibility over the ne…
In this article, we explore the core principles of bandwidth management and examine how modern network monitoring technologies can assist in maintain…
In our previous article we explained how a Netflow Analyzer can help you gain visibility into your user traffic, application traffic and data flows w…
Monitoring network traffic & bandwidth usage via Netflow is mandatory for any type and size network. Gaining visibility into user traffic, applic…

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VLAN Networks
The invention of VLANs was very much welcomed by all engineers and administrators, allowing them to extend, redesign and segment their existing network wi…
VLAN Networks
The previous article introduced the VTP protocol, we examined how it can be used within a network, to help manage VLANs and ease the administrative overhe…
VLAN Networks
VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) pruning is a feature that is used in Cisco switches to reduce unnecessary traffic in VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) trunks…
VLAN Networks
While the VLAN Tagging article briefly covered the IEEE 802.1q protocol this article will continue building upon it by further analyzing the IEEE 802.1q T…

Routing
Hybrid routing protocols are a combination of distance-vector and link-state routing protocols, and are used to provide a more efficient and scalabl…
Routing
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), similar to IGRP, is a Cisco proprietary routing protocol that is used to exchange routing information…
Routing
Distance Vector, Link State RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF Routing protocols were created for routers. These protocols have been designed to allow the exchange…
Routing
We all understand that TCP/IP, IPX-SPX are protocols which are used in a Local Area Network (LAN) so computers can communicate between with each other and…

Cisco Routers
In today's network environment, redundancy is one of the most important aspects, whether its on the LAN side or on the WAN side. In this topic we will be…
Palo Alto Networks
What makes Palo Alto Networks Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW) so different from its competitors is its Platform, Process and Architecture. Palo Alto Netwo…
Palo Alto Networks
This article will show you how to configure an IPSec VPN tunnel between a Palo Alto firewall (all PANOS versions) and Meraki MX security appliance. Our co…
Cisco Routers
Site-to-Site IPSec VPN Tunnels are used to allow the secure transmission of data, voice and video between two sites (e.g offices or branches). The VPN tun…