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Cisco Routers

Configuring NTP on a Cisco Router (NTP Client and…

Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a vital service not only for Cisco devices but almost every network device. Any computer-based device needs to be accurately synchronised with a reliable time source su…

Ethernet Protocol, CSMA/CD, Collisions

The IEEE 802.3 Frame Format

The following is a description of the Ethernet Frame Format described in the IEEE 802.3 Specification. The 802.3 Specification defines a 14 byte Data Link Header followed by a Logical Link Control He…

The OSI Model

The OSI Model: Layer 5 - Session Layer

The Session layer is responsible for setting up, managing and then tearing down sessions between Presentation layer entities. The Session layer also provides dialog control between devices, or nodes…

ICMP Protocol

ICMP Protocol - Part 6: Redirect Messages

The ICMP - Redirect Message is always sent from a gateway to the host and the example below will illustrate when this is used. Putting it simply (before we have a look at the example) the ICMP - Red…

Cisco Services & Technologies

Troubleshooting Cisco VPN Client Windows 7 - How…

This article shows how to fix the Cisco VPN Reason 442: Failed to enable Virtual Adapter error on the Windows 7 (32bit or 64bit) operating system. If you are a Windows 7 user, it's most likely you've…

Web Application Vulnerability Scanners

Acunetix Online: Run a Free Scan for Network and…

Acunetix has refreshed its online web and network vulnerability scanner, Acunetix Online, with a massive update. The new Acunetix Online now incorporates all the features found in its on premise offe…

Cisco Routers

How and Why You Should Verify IOS Images On Cisco…

Chances are we’ve all needed to upgrade our Cisco’s device IOS software at some point. While upgrading the IOS software on a Cisco device is considered to be a fairly simple process, it can turn out…

OpManager - Network Monitoring & Management

Live discussion: Learn to assess and accelerate y…

ManageEngine has joint hands with IDC's Stephen Elliot, a group vice president, to discuss the truth behind organization's digitally transforming IT, the pitfalls involved in the journey, the latest…

Windows Servers

Simple Guide on Installing & Configuring a Window…

A Windows Active Directory Certification Authority server (AD CA), also known as a Certificate Authority, is an essential service to every organization’s Active Directory as it can manage, issue, rev…

Windows Workstations (XP, 7, 8, 10, 11)

How to Add and Remove Applications from Windows 8…

In this article, we'll show you how to add (pin) and remove (unpin) any application from the Windows 8 or Windows 8.1 Metro Start Screen. Tiles or the small squares and rectangles appearing on the Wi…

Network Protocols

Introduction To Protocols

In the networking and communications area, a protocol is the formal specification that defines the procedures that must be followed when transmitting or receiving data. Protocols define the format, t…

ICMP Protocol

ICMP Protocol - Part 5: Source Quench Message Ana…

The ICMP - Source Quench message is one that can be generated by either a gateway or host. You won't see any such message pop up on your workstation screen unless you're working on a gateway which wi…