Articles That Might Interest:

IP Protocol

IP Protocol - Part 2: The Internet Protocol (IP)…

This article examines the Internet Protocol (IP) and its position within the OSI Model. We take a look at the IP Header and all fields contained within an Ethernet frame. Further examination of the I…

TCP - UDP Protocol Analysis

TCP Header Anaylsis - Section 6: TCP Options

The TCP Options (MSS, Window Scaling, Selective Acknowledgements, Timestamps, Nop) are located at the end of the TCP Header which is also why they are covered last. Thanks to the TCP Options field we…

Network Cabling

USB Direct Cable Connection, USB Versions, Specif…

Today, Serial and Parallel Direct Cable Connections are considered obsolete methods of transferring data between computers. The fact is that even USB Direct Cable Connection (DCC), is not all that po…

Ethernet Protocol, CSMA/CD, Collisions

The IEEE 802.3 SNAP Frame Format

While the original 802.3 specification worked well, the IEEE realized that some upper layer protocols required an Ethertype to work properly. For example, TCP/IP uses the Ethertype to differentiate b…

Cisco Routers

Cisco 880W (881W, 886W, 887W, 888W) Multiple - Du…

This article shows how to configure the embedded or integrated access point in a Cisco 880W series router (e.g Cisco 887W, Cisco 886W, Cisco 881W, Cisco 888W, etc) with multiple encrypted SSIDs (WPA…

Network Cabling

CAT5, CAT5e, CAT6 UTP X-Over / Cross-over Cable

The cross-over (or crossover) CAT5 UTP cable has to be one of the most used cables after the classic straight-thru cable. The cross-over cable allows us to connect two computers without needing a hub…

Cisco Firewalls

Converting Cisco Firepower from Platform mode to…

This article explains how to configure a Cisco Firepower 2100 series device to operate in Appliance mode. We’ll show you how to switch from Platform mode to Appliance mode and how the device will aut…

Cisco Routers

Cisco Router Password Recovery

Password recovery is a fairly frequently used procedure for administrators and engineers. Even though we usually stack our passwords in some word, excel or text file, it's very easy to forget to upda…

Network Address Translation - NAT

Static NAT - Part 2

The previous page (Static NAT - Part 1) helped us understand what exactly happens with Static NAT and how it works, and we saw a few examples of how to use it in various network configurations. This…

Ethernet Protocol, CSMA/CD, Collisions

Ethernet Troubleshooting - Physical Frame Corrupt…

When troubleshooting your Ethernet network, the first thing to look for is physical frame corruption. In this essay, we will discuss the different causes of physical frame corruption and the characte…

Cisco Routers

Configuring Dynamic NAT (NAT Overload) On A Cisco…

NAT (Network Address Translation) is a method that allows the translation (modification) of IP addresses while packets/datagrams are traversing the network. Dynamic NAT enables multiple internal host…

Cisco Wireless

Easily Convert Cisco Autonomous - Standalone AP t…

This article explains how to convert a local or remote Autonomous / Standalone Cisco Aironet Access Point to Lightweight and register it to a Cisco WLC Controller. Included are detailed steps, comman…