Articles That Might Interest:

Network Address Translation - NAT

Dynamic NAT - Part 2

Our previous article, Dynamic NAT - Part 1, covered the basic idea of Dynamic Network Address Translation. We are now going to take a closer look at the packets as they traverse the Dynamic NAT enabl…

Domain Name System (DNS)

The DNS Protocol - Part 4: DNS Response Message F…

The previous article covered the DNS Query message formats. In the article we analysed them in great detail and showed how various options are selected by the host using the Flags/Parameters field.&n…

Cisco Switches

End-of-Sale and End-of-Life Announcement for the…

Cisco announces the end-of-sale and end-of-life dates for the Cisco Catalyst 3750G, 3560G, 3750-E, and 3560-E Series Switches. The last day to order the affected product(s) is January 30, 2013. Custo…

Palo Alto Networks

The Ultimate Guide to Palo Alto Networks Software…

Discover the ins and outs of using Palo Alto Networks’ Software NGFW (Flex) credits to seamlessly renew your cloud-based or virtualized software NGFW devices! Dive into this exciting guide where we u…

Cisco Services & Technologies

Cisco SmartCare Update - Next Generation Appliance

It's been more than a year since we introduced the Cisco SmartCare service and appliance. It's been extremely popular and has successfully penetrated the Cisco market with installations continually i…

VLAN Networks

VTP Pruning

VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) pruning is a feature that is used in Cisco switches to reduce unnecessary traffic in VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) trunks. When VTP pruning is enabled on a trunk, the…

Routing

OSPF - Part 6: OSPF LSA Types - Purpose and Funct…

Our previous article explained the purpose of Link State Update (LSU) packets and examined the Link State Advertisement (LSA) information contained within LSU packets. We also saw the most common LSA…

Ethernet Protocol, CSMA/CD, Collisions

The IEEE 802.3 Frame Format

The following is a description of the Ethernet Frame Format described in the IEEE 802.3 Specification. The 802.3 Specification defines a 14 byte Data Link Header followed by a Logical Link Control He…

Cisco Wireless

Cisco Aironet 1100 & 1200 Series (1110, 1121, 114…

Resetting a Cisco Aironet access point can be required if you’ve lost your password or need to wipe out the configuration of a previously configured access point. Cisco provides two main methods to p…

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

Spanning Tree Protocol – Part 2: Rapid STP Port C…

Spanning Tree Protocol, Rapid STP port costs and port states are an essential part of the STP algorithm that affect how STP decides to forward or block a port leading to the Root Bridge. In our prev…

Cisco Routers

Configuring Policy-Based Routing (PBR) with IP SL…

What is Policy-Based Routing? Policy-Based Routing (PBR) is a very popular feature in Cisco routers, it allows the creation of policies that can selectively alter the path that packets take wi…

Network Protocols

ISDN Layers, Protocols & Components

Our previous article was an Introduction To The ISDN Protocol. This article dives a bit deeper by examining ISDN Layers, Protocols & Components. ISDN uses circuit-switching to establish a physic…