Articles That Might Interest:

Windows Servers

Installing Active Directory Services & Domain Con…

This article serves as an Active Directory tutorial covering installation and setup of Windows 2012 Active Directory Services Role & Domain Controller using Windows 2012 PowerShell. Our previous…

Cisco CallManager-CCME

IP Phone 7945, 7965, 7975 Factory Reset Procedure…

This article explains how to reset your Cisco 7945, 7965 and 7975 IP phone to factory defaults, and how to upgrade the firmware to the latest available version. We also provide necessary information…

Ethernet Protocol, CSMA/CD, Collisions

The IEEE 802.3 Frame Format

The following is a description of the Ethernet Frame Format described in the IEEE 802.3 Specification. The 802.3 Specification defines a 14 byte Data Link Header followed by a Logical Link Control He…

Ethernet Protocol, CSMA/CD, Collisions

Propagation Delay

You may know that the minimum frame size in an Ethernet network is 64 bytes or 512 bits, including the 32 bit CRC. You may also know that the maximum length of an Ethernet cable segment is 500 meters…

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

Spanning Tree Protocol – Part 3: Bridge ID, Prior…

In this article we will examine the Spanning Tree Bridge ID structure, explain why it has increments of 4096, how VLAN information is embedded (for Per-VLAN Spanning Tree & multiple STP instances…

Cisco Routers

How To Configure DHCP Server On A Cisco Router

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is the protocol used by network devices (such as PCs, network printers, etc) to automatically obtain correct network parameters so they can access network a…

Cisco CallManager-CCME

How to Upgrade - Update Cisco ATA186 / 188 Firmwa…

The Cisco ATA 186/188 device is well known amongst any Cisco VoIP engineer. It is used allow analog phone devices to connect to the VoIP network and function as they would normally do with any other…

TCP - UDP Protocol Analysis

Transmission Control Protocol - Part 4: In-Depth…

This article is an introduction to the 7-page TCP Header analysis section that follows. We briefly view each section of the TCP Header and then move on to its analysis using detailed colourful diagra…

ManageEngine Firewall Analyzer

Dealing with Security Audit Challenges: Discoveri…

The utilization of log analyzers, such as Firewall Analyzer, in network infrastructure plays a pivotal role in enhancing cybersecurity and fortifying the overall security posture of an organization…

Palo Alto Networks

How to Manually Download, Import & Install PAN-OS…

This article provides comprehensive guidance on the manual processes involved in downloading, uploading, and installing (import) any PAN-OS version on a Palo Alto Firewall. It details the steps for s…

Cisco Routers

How To Configure Windows VPDN (PPTP) Dialup Conne…

Setting up a Windows VPDN connection is a required task in order to connect to a remote network. In previous articles we covered the set up of a VPDN - PPTP server on a Cisco router. Click here to fi…

Cisco Switches

Installation of a Cisco Catalyst 4507R-E Layer 3…

Driven by our thirst for technical material and experience, we thought it would be a great idea to start presenting various installations of Cisco equipment around the globe, especially equipment tha…