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Network Cabling
Serial Direct Cable Connection, DB9, DB25, COM ...
This article covers the popular serial ports on workstations, servers and laptop computers. We cover serial data transfer, port pinouts, port speed...
Network Address Translation - NAT
Network Address Translation (NAT) Overload - Pa...
NAT Overload is the most common NAT method used throughout all networks that connect to the Internet. This is because of the way it functions and t...
Network Cabling
USB Direct Cable Connection, USB Versions, Spec...
Today, Serial and Parallel Direct Cable Connections are considered obsolete methods of transferring data between computers. The fact is that even U...
Supernetting & CIDR
The Supernetting / CIDR Chart
This articles build upon our previous pages covering what is Supernetting (Route Summarization) & How Supernets Work and Supernetting In-...
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Netflow Articles:
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Netflow vs SNMP. Two Different Approaches to Ne...
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) and Netflow are both popular protocols with admins, prized for their ability to give visibility over the ...
![](/templates/yootheme/cache/7d/netflow-basics-netflow-components-rfc-history-intro-7db55966.webp)
Complete Guide to Netflow: How Netflow & its Co...
This article will cover the basics of Netflow, including its use cases, Netflow supported devices, Netflow history, and variants. We’ll also dive i...
![](/templates/yootheme/cache/44/netflow-monitor-network-bandwidth-application-traffic-intro-4483acc1.webp)
Netflow: Monitor Bandwidth & Network Utilizatio...
Monitoring network traffic & bandwidth usage via Netflow is mandatory for any type and size network. Gaining visibility into user traffic, appl...
![](/templates/yootheme/cache/94/manageengine-netflow-analyzer-intro-94d1b60f.webp)
NetFlow Analyzer: Free Download, Step-by-Step I...
In our previous article we explained how a Netflow Analyzer can help you gain visibility into your user traffic, application traffic and data flows...
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VLAN Networks
VLAN Security - Making the Most of VLANs
It's easy to see why virtual LANs have become extremely popular on networks of all sizes. In practical terms, multiple VLANs are pretty much the same as...
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VLAN Networks
VLAN Tagging - Understanding VLANs Ethernet Frames
We mentioned that Trunk Links are designed to pass frames (packets) from all VLANs, allowing us to connect multiple switches together and independently ...
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VLAN Networks
The VLAN Concept - Introduction to VLANs
We hear about them everywhere, vendors around the world are constantly trying to push them into every type of network and as a result, the Local Area Ne...
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VLAN Networks
VTP Introduction & Modes
The invention of VLANs was very much welcomed by all engineers and administrators, allowing them to extend, redesign and segment their existing network ...
![](/templates/yootheme/cache/15/ip-routing-process-intro-151cd5a0.webp)
Routing
The IP Routing Process - Step-by-Step Analysis
We are going to analyse what happens when routing occurs on a network (IP routing process). When I was new to the networking area, I thought that all yo...
![](/templates/yootheme/cache/c4/ospf-part3-intro-c422b3d8.webp)
Routing
OSPF - Part 3: OSPF Adjacency & Neighbor Forming Pro...
This is the thrid article of our 6-part OSPF series (see below) that describes how OSPF routers perform neighbor relationship and adjacency. We’ll exami...
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Routing
Distance Vector Routing Protocols
Distance Vector routing protocols use frequent broadcasts (255.255.255.255 or FF:FF:FF:FF) of their entire routing table every 30 sec. on all their inte...
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Routing
OSPF - Part 1: Introduction, OSPF Packet Structure, ...
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a popular routing protocol developed for Internet Protocol (IP) networks by the Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) worki...
SASE & SD-WAN Networks
Configuring A SASE Unified Network: Data centers, Re...
This article explores the need for Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) in today’s organizations. We show how one of the most advanced SASE platforms avail...
Cisco Firewalls
Understand & Configure NAT Reflection, NAT Loopback,...
This article examines the concept of NAT Reflection, also known as NAT Loopback or Hairpinning, and shows how to configure a Cisco ASA Firewall running ...
Palo Alto Networks
Palo Alto Networks Firewall - Web & CLI Initial Conf...
This article is the second-part of our Palo Alto Networks Firewall technical articles. Our previous article was introduction to Palo Alto Networks Firew...
Windows Servers
Creating Windows Users and Groups with Windows 2003
In a Windows server environment, it is very important that only authenticated users are allowed to log in for security reasons. To fulfill this requirem...