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Articles:
The DNS Protocol - Part 1: Introduction
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Suggested Articles:
TCP - UDP Protocol Analysis
TCP Header Anaylsis - Section 6: TCP Options
The TCP Options (MSS, Window Scaling, Selective Acknowledgements, Timestamps, Nop) are located at the end of the TCP Header which is also why they ...
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Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
Spanning Tree Protocol – Part 3: Bridge ID, Pri...
In this article we will examine the Spanning Tree Bridge ID structure, explain why it has increments of 4096, how VLAN information is embedded (for...
Network Address Translation - NAT
Network Address Translation (NAT) Overload - Pa...
In our previous article, Network Address Translation (NAT) Overload - Part 1, we explained what NAT Overload is and how it works. This page deals w...
TCP - UDP Protocol Analysis
TCP Header Anaylsis - Section 5: TCP Window Siz...
Our fifth section contains some very interesting fields that are used by the TCP transport protocol. We see how TCP helps control how much data is ...
Featured Subcategories:
Netflow Articles:
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NetFlow Analyzer: Free Download, Step-by-Step I...
In our previous article we explained how a Netflow Analyzer can help you gain visibility into your user traffic, application traffic and data flows...
![](/templates/yootheme/cache/7d/netflow-basics-netflow-components-rfc-history-intro-7db55966.webp)
Complete Guide to Netflow: How Netflow & its Co...
This article will cover the basics of Netflow, including its use cases, Netflow supported devices, Netflow history, and variants. We’ll also dive i...
![](/templates/yootheme/cache/44/netflow-monitor-network-bandwidth-application-traffic-intro-4483acc1.webp)
Netflow: Monitor Bandwidth & Network Utilizatio...
Monitoring network traffic & bandwidth usage via Netflow is mandatory for any type and size network. Gaining visibility into user traffic, appl...
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Netflow vs SNMP. Two Different Approaches to Ne...
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) and Netflow are both popular protocols with admins, prized for their ability to give visibility over the ...
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VLAN Networks
Dynamic VLANs
Dynamic VLANs were introduced to grant the flexibility and complexity(!) that Static VLANs did not provide. Dynamic VLANs are quite rare because of thei...
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VLAN Networks
The VLAN Concept - Introduction to VLANs
We hear about them everywhere, vendors around the world are constantly trying to push them into every type of network and as a result, the Local Area Ne...
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VLAN Networks
InterVLAN Routing - Routing between VLAN Networks
This article deals with the popular topic of InterVLAN routing, which is used to allow routing & communication between VLAN networks. Our article an...
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VLAN Networks
VLANs - Access & Trunk Links
If you've read our previous article The VLAN Concept - Introduction to VLANs then you should feel comfortable with terms such as 'VLAN', 'Sta...
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Routing
OSPF - Part 1: Introduction, OSPF Packet Structure, ...
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a popular routing protocol developed for Internet Protocol (IP) networks by the Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) worki...
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Routing
Routing Information Protocol - RIP
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance-vector routing protocol that is commonly used in small to medium-sized networks. It is one of the...
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Routing
OSPF - Part 5: Analysis of OSPF Link State Update (L...
This article explains how OSPF uses Link State Advertisement (LSA) to exchange information about the network topology between routers. When a router rec...
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Routing
Hybrid Routing Protocols - Advantages and Disadvanta...
Hybrid routing protocols are a combination of distance-vector and link-state routing protocols, and are used to provide a more efficient and scala...
Windows Servers
Simple Guide on Installing & Configuring a Windows 2...
A Windows Active Directory Certification Authority server (AD CA), also known as a Certificate Authority, is an essential service to every organization’...
SASE & SD-WAN Networks
SASE and VPNs: Reconsidering your Mobile Remote Acce...
The Virtual Private Network (VPN) has become the go to security solution for keeping communications between networks and endpoints secure. After all, VP...
Virtualization & VM Backup
6 Key Areas to Consider When Selecting a VM Backup S...
Backup and Disaster recovery are core considerations for any business with an IT footprint, whether that is on-premises or in the cloud.
Your business ...
Windows Servers
Creating a Virtual Machine in Windows Hyper-V. Confi...
Our previous articles covered basic concepts of Virtualization along with the installation and monitoring of Windows 2012 Hyper-V. This article takes th...