Articles
To read the articles in this section, simply click on the article title or read button on the far right (if visible).
Use the below filters to customise the number of articles displayed or search for specific title topics/keywords.
| Articles | |
|---|---|
| Read | |
|
Articles:
802.3 Fast Ethernet (100 Mbit/Sec) Model
| Read |
|
Articles:
Migrating From Ethernet To Fast Ethernet
| Read |
| Read | |
| Read | |
|
Articles:
The Novell Proprietary Frame Format
| Read |
|
Articles:
The IEEE 802.3 SNAP Frame Format
| Read |
|
Articles:
The Ethernet II Frame Format
| Read |
|
Articles:
The IEEE 802.3 Frame Format
| Read |
|
Articles:
Manchester Signal Encoding
| Read |
|
Articles:
IEEE 802.3 Interframe Spacing
| Read |
| Read | |
|
Articles:
Propagation Delay
| Read |
|
Articles:
Late Ethernet Collisions
| Read |
|
Articles:
Early Ethernet Collisions
| Read |
|
Articles:
Introduction to Ethernet Collisions
| Read |
|
Articles:
What is CSMA/CD ?
| Read |
Suggested Articles:
Network Cabling
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) - CAT 1 to CAT5, 5e…
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable is most certainly by far the most popular cable around the world. UTP cable is used not only for networking but a…
The OSI Model
The OSI Model: Layer 7 - Application Layer
The Application layer of the OSI model is where users communicate with the computer. The Application layer is responsible for identifying and establi…
Network Fundamentals
Hubs & Repeaters
Network hubs were once the primary method of interconnecting network devices to create a local area network (LAN). Hubs were inexpensive, easy to ins…
TCP - UDP Protocol Analysis
TCP Header Anaylsis - Section 4: TCP Flag Options
As we have seen in the previous pages, some TCP segments carry data while others are simple acknowledgements for previously received data. The popula…
Featured Subcategories:
Netflow Articles:
Netflow: Monitor Bandwidth & Network Utilization…
Monitoring network traffic & bandwidth usage via Netflow is mandatory for any type and size network. Gaining visibility into user traffic, applic…
Netflow vs SNMP. Two Different Approaches to Netw…
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) and Netflow are both popular protocols with admins, prized for their ability to give visibility over the ne…
NetFlow Analyzer: Free Download, Step-by-Step Ins…
In our previous article we explained how a Netflow Analyzer can help you gain visibility into your user traffic, application traffic and data flows w…
Complete Guide to Netflow: How Netflow & its Comp…
This article will cover the basics of Netflow, including its use cases, Netflow supported devices, Netflow history, and variants. We’ll also dive int…
Wi-Fi Key Generator
Follow Firewall.cx
Cisco Password Crack
Decrypt Cisco Type-7 Passwords on the fly!
VLAN Networks
VLAN Tagging - Understanding VLANs Ethernet Frames
We mentioned that Trunk Links are designed to pass frames (packets) from all VLANs, allowing us to connect multiple switches together and independently co…
VLAN Networks
VLAN Security - Making the Most of VLANs
It's easy to see why virtual LANs have become extremely popular on networks of all sizes. In practical terms, multiple VLANs are pretty much the same as h…
VLAN Networks
Static VLANs
VLANs are usually created by the network administrator, assigning each port of every switch to a VLAN. Depending on the network infrastructure and securit…
VLAN Networks
VLANs - Access & Trunk Links
If you've read our previous article The VLAN Concept - Introduction to VLANs then you should feel comfortable with terms such as 'VLAN', 'Stati…
Routing
OSPF - Part 2: How OSPF Protocol Works & Basic Concept…
This article covers basic OSPF concepts and operation. We explain how OSPF works, how OSPF tables are built on an OSPF-enabled router and their purpose (N…
Routing
OSPF - Part 1: Introduction, OSPF Packet Structure, OS…
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a popular routing protocol developed for Internet Protocol (IP) networks by the Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) working…
Routing
OSPF - Part 6: OSPF LSA Types - Purpose and Function o…
Our previous article explained the purpose of Link State Update (LSU) packets and examined the Link State Advertisement (LSA) information contained within…
Routing
OSPF - Part 5: Analysis of OSPF Link State Update (LSU…
This article explains how OSPF uses Link State Advertisement (LSA) to exchange information about the network topology between routers. When a router recei…
Cisco Switches
Password Recovery / Password Reset Procedure for Catal…
This article shows how to reset a password on a Cisco Catalyst 3750-X (stacked or single unit) and Cisco Catalyst 3560-x switch without losing its startup…
Virtualization & VM Backup
Ultimate Guide: Install Windows 11 on VMware ESXi – Ea…
In this article, we’ll show you how to setup or install Microsoft Windows 11 on VMware’s ESXi servers and bypass the Trusted Platform Module version 2.0 (…
Windows Servers
Troubleshooting Windows Server 2012 R2 Crashes. Analys…
There are umpteen reasons why your Windows Server 2012 R2 decides to present you with a Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) or the stop screen. As virtual machine…
Cisco Routers
How to Capture Packets on your Cisco Router with Embed…
If you’re tired of setting up SPAN sessions to capture network traffic transiting your network and Cisco router, it’s time to start using Cisco’s Embedded…







