Articles That Might Interest:

Cisco CallManager-CCME

Cisco CallManager Express Basic Concepts - Part 2

Our previous article, Cisco CallManager Express Basic Concepts - Part 1 covered the very basic concepts of CCME and its operation. This article continues with the Cisco CallManager Express basic conc…

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

Spanning Tree Protocol – Part 2: Rapid STP Port C…

Spanning Tree Protocol, Rapid STP port costs and port states are an essential part of the STP algorithm that affect how STP decides to forward or block a port leading to the Root Bridge. In our prev…

Ethernet Protocol, CSMA/CD, Collisions

Late Ethernet Collisions

Late collisions, on the other hand, are not normal and are usually the result of out of spec. cabling or a malfunctioning adapter. A late collision is defined as any collision that occurs after 512 b…

ICMP Protocol

ICMP Protocol - Part 4: Destination Unreachable M…

The 'ICMP Destination unreachable' message is quite interesting, because it doesn't actually contain one message, but infact six! This means that the ICMP Destination unreachable futher breaks down i…

Cisco Routers

How To Configure DHCP Server On A Cisco Router

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is the protocol used by network devices (such as PCs, network printers, etc) to automatically obtain correct network parameters so they can access network a…

Cisco Firewalls

Cisco ASA 5500 Series Firewall Modules & Cards –…

Cisco’s Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Firewalls are one of the most popular and proven security solutions in the industry. Since the introduction of the PIX and ASA Firewall into the market, Cisc…

Cisco Switches

Installation of a Cisco Catalyst 4507R-E Layer 3…

Driven by our thirst for technical material and experience, we thought it would be a great idea to start presenting various installations of Cisco equipment around the globe, especially equipment tha…

Network Fundamentals

Hubs & Repeaters

Network hubs were once the primary method of interconnecting network devices to create a local area network (LAN). Hubs were inexpensive, easy to install, and provided a simple means of connecting mu…

Network Fundamentals

Network Switches & Bridges

Network Switches are the evolution of Hubs and Repeaters, and enable the creation of networks by connecting multiple devices together. They are critical components in computer networking and are used…

The OSI Model

The OSI Model: Layer 2 - Datalink Layer

The Datalink ensures that messages are delivered to the proper device and translates messages from the Network layer into bits for the Physical layer to transmit. It formats the message into data fra…

TCP - UDP Protocol Analysis

Transmission Control Protocol - Part 2: Quick Ove…

As previously mentioned on a number of occasions, TCP is one of the two protocols that lives at the Transport layer and is used to carry data from one host to another. What makes TCP so popular is th…

Routing

OSPF - Part 2: How OSPF Protocol Works & Basic Co…

This article covers basic OSPF concepts and operation. We explain how OSPF works, how OSPF tables are built on an OSPF-enabled router and their purpose (Neighbour Table, Topology Table, Routing Table…