Articles That Might Interest:

Linux - Unix

Linux BIND DNS - Part 1: Introduction To The DNS…

BIND (Berkely Internet Name Domain) is a popular software for translating domain names into IP addresses and usually found on Linux servers. This article will explain the basic concepts of DNS BIND a…

Palo Alto Networks

How to Register a Palo Alto Firewall and Activate…

This article explains how to register and activate your Palo Alto Firewall Appliance to obtain technical support, RMA hardware replacement, product updates, antivirus updates, wildfire, antispam upda…

Ethernet Protocol, CSMA/CD, Collisions

The Novell Proprietary Frame Format

Novell's Proprietary Frame Format was developed based on a preliminary release of the 802.3 specification. After Novell released its proprietary format, the LLC Header was added, making Novell's form…

The OSI Model

The OSI Model: Layer 1 - Physical Layer

The Physical layer has two responsibilities: it sends bits and receives bits. Bits come only in values of 1 or 0. The Physical layer communicates directly with the various types of actual communicati…

Virtualization & VM Backup

5 Most Critical Microsoft M365 Vulnerabilities Re…

Microsoft 365 is an incredibly powerful software suite for businesses, but it is becoming increasingly targeted by people trying to steal your data. The good news is that there are plenty of ways adm…

Network Protocols

File Transfer Protocol - FTP

File transfer is among the most frequently used TCP/IP applications and it accounts for a lot of the network traffic on the Internet. Various standard file transfer protocols existed even before the…

Cisco Wireless

Configuring Cisco WLC Link Aggregation (LAG) with…

Cisco Wireless Controllers (WLC) support the configuration of Link Aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad - LAG) which bundles the controller ports into a single port channel. This helps simplify the configuratio…

TCP - UDP Protocol Analysis

TCP Header Anaylsis - Section 6: TCP Options

The TCP Options (MSS, Window Scaling, Selective Acknowledgements, Timestamps, Nop) are located at the end of the TCP Header which is also why they are covered last. Thanks to the TCP Options field we…

SASE & SD-WAN Networks

Check Point Software and Cato Networks Co-Founder…

By: Shlomo Kramer, Check Point Software & Cato Networks Co-Founder As one of the founders of Check Point Software and more recently Cato Networks, I’m often asked for my opinion on the future of…

Cisco CallManager-CCME

Cisco CallManager Express Basic Concepts - Part 2

Our previous article, Cisco CallManager Express Basic Concepts - Part 1 covered the very basic concepts of CCME and its operation. This article continues with the Cisco CallManager Express basic conc…

Cisco Wireless

Complete Guide: How to Download & Deploy The Cisc…

This article covers the deployment of the Cisco WLC 9800-CL cloud-based controller on the VMware ESXi platform. We explain the CPU, RAM and storage requirements, provide URLs to easily download and i…

Cisco Routers

MPLS Case Study: Why Route Summarization is not R…

MPLS generates Implicit Null label (The Implicit NULL label is the label that has a value of 3) for directly connected interfaces and for the summary routes. Label Switch Router (LSR) generates this…