Articles That Might Interest:

ICMP Protocol

ICMP Protocol - Part 1: Introduction

The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), is a very popular protocol and actually part of an Internet Protocol (IP) implementation. Because IP wasn't designed to be absolutely reliable, ICMP came…

Routing

OSPF - Part 3: OSPF Adjacency & Neighbor Forming…

This is the thrid article of our 6-part OSPF series (see below) that describes how OSPF routers perform neighbor relationship and adjacency. We’ll examine how OSPF discovers neighbors by sending Hell…

Network Fundamentals

Introduction To Networking

A network is simply a group of two or more Personal Computers linked together. Many types of networks exist, but the most common types of networks are Local-Area Networks (LANs), and Wide-Area Networ…

Cisco Switches

DHCP Option 82 Message Format, Analysis. DHCP Sno…

This article provides in-depth analysis of DHCP Option 82 (DHCP Relay Agent) which is one of the +180 DHCP Options available to the DHCP protocol and used by the Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) used for a…

Palo Alto Networks

Palo Alto Firewall Application-based Policy Enfor…

Our previous article examined the benefits of Palo Alto Networks Firewall Single Pass Parallel Processing (SP3) architecture and how its combine with the separate Data and Control planes to boost fir…

Windows Servers

Introduction To Windows Server 2012 R2 Virtualiza…

FREE Hyper-V & VMware Backup: FREE for Firewall.cx readers for a Limited Time! Download Now! Virtualization is an abstraction layer that creates separate distinct virtual environmen…

Cisco Services & Technologies

Cisco VPN Client & Windows 8 (32bit & 64bit) - Re…

The Cisco VPN client is one of the most popular Cisco tools used by administrators, engineers and end-users to connect to their remote networks and access resources. This article shows how to fix the…

ICMP Protocol

ICMP Protocol - Part 7: Time Exceeded Message Ana…

The ICMP - Time Exceeded message is one which is usually created by gateways or routers. In order to fully understand this ICMP message, you must be familiar with the IP header within a packet. Our r…

Windows Workstations (XP, 7, 8, 10, 11)

The Importance of Windows Hosts File - How to Use…

This article explains how the Windows operating system makes use of the popular Host file, where it is located for various operating systems, how it can be used to manipulate DNS lookups and redirect…

Windows Workstations (XP, 7, 8, 10, 11)

How to Start Windows 8 and 8.1 in Safe Mode – Ena…

This article will show you how to start Windows 8 and Windows 8.1 in Safe Mode and how to enable F8 Safe Mode. Previous Windows O/S users would recall that by pressing and holding the F8 key while Wi…

Routing

The IP Routing Process - Step-by-Step Analysis

We are going to analyse what happens when routing occurs on a network (IP routing process). When I was new to the networking area, I thought that all you needed was the IP Address of the machine you…

Cisco Routers

Cisco Router Basics

This article will focus on Cisco's routers which can be found in almost any organization due to their popularity and market penetration. Cisco has a number of different routers, amongst them are the…