Articles That Might Interest:

VPN Services & Guides

Complete Guide to SOCKS Proxy - How to Securely B…

The internet is in a strange place right now. It’s no longer the open, free place it used to be. Increasingly, users are being subject to website blocks, attacks, and surveillance. For true safety or…

Cisco Switches

Complete Guide to DHCP Snooping, How it Works, Co…

This article covers popular Layer 2 & Layer 3 network attacks with a focus on DHCP Starvation Attacks, Man-in-the-Middle attacks, unintentional rogue DHCP servers and explains how security featur…

Supernetting & CIDR

What is Supernetting (Route Summarization) & How…

Supernetting is the opposite of of subnetting, and is also known as route aggregation or CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing). Supernetting is a technique that allows multiple smaller network blocks…

Ethernet Protocol, CSMA/CD, Collisions

The Novell Proprietary Frame Format

Novell's Proprietary Frame Format was developed based on a preliminary release of the 802.3 specification. After Novell released its proprietary format, the LLC Header was added, making Novell's form…

Cisco Routers

Configuring NTP on a Cisco Router (NTP Client and…

Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a vital service not only for Cisco devices but almost every network device. Any computer-based device needs to be accurately synchronised with a reliable time source su…

Cisco CallManager-CCME

CallManager Express Setup for IP Phone Firmware U…

This article will show how to configure CallManager Express (CME) for the IP phone firmware upgrade process. Upgrading your Cisco IP phones is generally a good practice, especially when upgrading you…

SASE & SD-WAN Networks

WAN Optimization vs SD WAN Networks. Today’s Chal…

Enterprises have been successfully running WAN optimization appliances at their many distributed sites for years. The devices have done a good job of helping businesses squeeze as much capacity as po…

Cisco Routers

Understanding MPLS IP VPNs, Security Attacks and…

What Are MPLS Networks? Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) networks are the next-generation of networks designed to allow customers create end-to-end circuits across any type of transport m…

Network Fundamentals

Multicast - Understand How IP Multicast Works

Multicast is a communication method used in computer networking where data is sent from a single sender to a group of destination devices. In this method, the sender sends the data packet to a speci…

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

Spanning Tree Protocol – Part 1: Understand STP P…

One of the most used terms in network is LAN (Local Area Network). It’s a form of network that we encounter in our daily lives, at home, at work, study, and in various other areas of life. Unless wor…

Cisco Routers

How To Configure ISDN Internet Dialup On A Cisco…

Some time ago, when broadband and ADSL wasn't available, analog and digital (ISDN) modems were the only way to connect to the Internet. Even though today ISDN isn't used much for Internet connectivit…

Cisco Routers

Cisco Type 7 Password Decrypt / Decoder / Crack T…

The Firewall.cx Cisco Password Decoder Tool (see below) provides readers with the ability to decrypt 'Type 7' cisco passwords. For security reasons, we do not keep any history of decoded passwords…