Articles That Might Interest:

Cisco Switches

Cisco Catalyst Err-disabled Port State, Enable &…

Errdisable is a feature that automatically disables a port on a Cisco Catalyst switch. When a port is error disabled, it is effectively shut down and no traffic is sent or received on that port…

Domain Name System (DNS)

The DNS Protocol - Part 3: DNS Query Message Form…

This section will deal with the analysis of the DNS packets by examining how DNS messages are formatted and the options and variables they contain. To fully understand a protocol, you must understand…

ManageEngine

Artificial Intelligence For IT Operations (AIOps)…

In the rapidly evolving landscape of IT operations, organizations are increasingly turning to Artificial Intelligence for IT Operations (AIOps) to streamline their processes, enhance efficiency, and…

TCP - UDP Protocol Analysis

Transmission Control Protocol - Part 1: Introduct…

Understanding how each protocol fits into the OSI Model is essential for any network engineer. This page analyses how TCP is classified as a 'transport protocol' and gives you an insight into what to…

Network Protocols

IPv6 - Analysing the IPv6 Protocol Structure and…

As discussed in the previous tutorial, we were made painfully aware that we were running out of IP address spaces and literally did in 2011. A new proposal or RFC was released for creation of a new…

Routing

Distance Vector Routing Protocols

Distance Vector routing protocols use frequent broadcasts (255.255.255.255 or FF:FF:FF:FF) of their entire routing table every 30 sec. on all their interfaces in order to communicate with their neigh…

VPN Services & Guides

Best VPN Review: Private Internet Access (PIA) Fe…

The market for Virtual Private Networks has exploded over the past few years. A wealth of new providers has appeared, promising logless browsing, true anonymity, and fast speeds. Through all that noi…

Network Fundamentals

Introduction To Networking

A network is simply a group of two or more Personal Computers linked together. Many types of networks exist, but the most common types of networks are Local-Area Networks (LANs), and Wide-Area Networ…

IP Protocol

IP Protocol - Part 3: IP Classes, Network & Host…

This article explains the 'Network-ID' and 'Host-ID' concept found in IP addressing and subnetting. We analyse the structure of IP addresses and network classes and show their Network-IDs and Host-ID…

Ethernet Protocol, CSMA/CD, Collisions

The IEEE 802.3 Frame Format

The following is a description of the Ethernet Frame Format described in the IEEE 802.3 Specification. The 802.3 Specification defines a 14 byte Data Link Header followed by a Logical Link Control He…

Windows Workstations (XP, 7, 8, 10, 11)

How to Start Windows 8 and 8.1 in Safe Mode – Ena…

This article will show you how to start Windows 8 and Windows 8.1 in Safe Mode and how to enable F8 Safe Mode. Previous Windows O/S users would recall that by pressing and holding the F8 key while Wi…

Cisco Routers

Disabling Cisco Router Password Recovery Service

Most Cisco engineers are aware of the classic Password-Recovery service Cisco equipment have. If the device's credentials are lost, then performing the Password-Recovery procedure will effectively pr…