Articles That Might Interest:

Cisco CallManager-CCME

Secure CallManager Express Communications - Encry…

In this article we discuss about the security and encryption of Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express (CUCME) which is an integral part of Cisco UC; and more so of Cisco Express Call processin…

Network Protocol Analyzers

How to Detect Routing Loops and Physical Loops wi…

When working with medium to large scale networks, IT departments are often faced dealing with network loops and broadcast storms that are caused by user error, faulty network devices or incorrect con…

Cisco CallManager-CCME

CallManager Express Setup for IP Phone Firmware U…

This article will show how to configure CallManager Express (CME) for the IP phone firmware upgrade process. Upgrading your Cisco IP phones is generally a good practice, especially when upgrading you…

Network Protocols

Understanding VPN IPSec Tunnel Mode and IPSec Tra…

IPSec’s protocol objective is to provide security services for IP packets such as encrypting sensitive data, authentication, protection against replay and data confidentiality. As outlined in our IP…

Windows Servers

Creating Windows Users and Groups with Windows 20…

In a Windows server environment, it is very important that only authenticated users are allowed to log in for security reasons. To fulfill this requirement the creation of User accounts and Groups is…

Routing

The IP Routing Process - Step-by-Step Analysis

We are going to analyse what happens when routing occurs on a network (IP routing process). When I was new to the networking area, I thought that all you needed was the IP Address of the machine you…

Routing

Hybrid Routing Protocols - Advantages and Disadva…

Hybrid routing protocols are a combination of distance-vector and link-state routing protocols, and are used to provide a more efficient and scalable routing solution in larger networks. These…

Cisco Routers

How To Configure DNS Server On A Cisco Router

The DNS protocol is used to resolve FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Names) to IP addresses around the world. This allows us to successfully find and connect to Internet websites and services no matter w…

ICMP Protocol

ICMP Protocol - Part 7: Time Exceeded Message Ana…

The ICMP - Time Exceeded message is one which is usually created by gateways or routers. In order to fully understand this ICMP message, you must be familiar with the IP header within a packet. Our r…

Network Cabling

Direct Cable Connection

From the early PC days, Direct Cable Connection (DCC) was the most popular way to transfer data from one PC to another. Of course, it might seem a bit of an "old fashioned" way to transfer data these…

Ethernet Protocol, CSMA/CD, Collisions

The Novell Proprietary Frame Format

Novell's Proprietary Frame Format was developed based on a preliminary release of the 802.3 specification. After Novell released its proprietary format, the LLC Header was added, making Novell's form…

Palo Alto Networks

How to Manually Download, Import & Install PAN-OS…

This article provides comprehensive guidance on the manual processes involved in downloading, uploading, and installing (import) any PAN-OS version on a Palo Alto Firewall. It details the steps for s…