Articles That Might Interest:

TCP - UDP Protocol Analysis

Transmission Control Protocol - Part 4: In-Depth…

This article is an introduction to the 7-page TCP Header analysis section that follows. We briefly view each section of the TCP Header and then move on to its analysis using detailed colourful diagra…

ICMP Protocol

ICMP Protocol - Part 1: Introduction

The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), is a very popular protocol and actually part of an Internet Protocol (IP) implementation. Because IP wasn't designed to be absolutely reliable, ICMP came…

Windows Servers

New Features in Windows Server 2012 - Why Upgrad…

There is no doubt that Cloud Computing is hot topic these days. Innovations in cloud computing models have made every industry and company IT departments to re-think their traditional model of comput…

Security Service Edge (SSE)

Security Service Edge (SSE) Limitations & Disadva…

This article explores the Security Service Edge (SSE) portion of Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) and the need for holistic cybersecurity protections. We lightly touch upon the drivers for tighter…

Palo Alto Networks

Palo Alto Firewall Configuration Options. Tap Mod…

Our previous article explained how Palo Alto Firewalls make use of Security Zones to process and enforce security policies. This article will explain the different configuration options for physical…

TCP - UDP Protocol Analysis

TCP Header Anaylsis - Section 6: TCP Options

The TCP Options (MSS, Window Scaling, Selective Acknowledgements, Timestamps, Nop) are located at the end of the TCP Header which is also why they are covered last. Thanks to the TCP Options field we…

Palo Alto Networks

Palo Alto Networks Firewall - Web & CLI Initial C…

This article is the second-part of our Palo Alto Networks Firewall technical articles. Our previous article was introduction to Palo Alto Networks Firewall appliances and technical specifications, wh…

Network Fundamentals

Firewall Topologies

In this section we are going to talk about the different ways a firewall can be set up. Depending on your needs, you can have a very simple firewall setup which will provide enough protection for you…

Network Cabling

Straight Thru UTP Cables

This article covers the commonly known Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable and shows how many pairs the UTP Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6 & Cat7 cables consists of, the colour coding they follow, the differe…

Ethernet Protocol, CSMA/CD, Collisions

The IEEE 802.3 Frame Format

The following is a description of the Ethernet Frame Format described in the IEEE 802.3 Specification. The 802.3 Specification defines a 14 byte Data Link Header followed by a Logical Link Control He…

Cisco Switches

Cisco 4507R+E Layer 3 Installation: Redundant WS-…

It's no news that we here at Firewall.cx enjoy writing about our installations of Cisco equipment and especially devices that we don’t get to see and play with every day. Today we cover the installat…

Supernetting & CIDR

The Supernetting / CIDR Chart

This articles build upon our previous pages covering what is Supernetting (Route Summarization) & How Supernets Work and Supernetting In-Depth Analysis - Learn to Identify and Create Supern…