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Articles:
The OSI Model: Layer 5 - Session Layer
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Articles:
The OSI Model: Layer 4 - Transport Layer
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The OSI Model: Layer 3 - Network Layer
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The OSI Model: Layer 2 - Datalink Layer
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The OSI Model: Layer 1 - Physical Layer
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Suggested Articles:
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The Supernetting / CIDR Chart
This articles build upon our previous pages covering what is Supernetting (Route Summarization) & How Supernets Work and Supernetting In-...
Network Cabling
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This article covers the popular serial ports on workstations, servers and laptop computers. We cover serial data transfer, port pinouts, port speed...
Network Fundamentals
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TCP - UDP Protocol Analysis
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Understanding how each protocol fits into the OSI Model is essential for any network engineer. This page analyses how TCP is classified as a 'trans...
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Netflow Articles:
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In our previous article we explained how a Netflow Analyzer can help you gain visibility into your user traffic, application traffic and data flows...
Netflow vs SNMP. Two Different Approaches to Ne...
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) and Netflow are both popular protocols with admins, prized for their ability to give visibility over the ...
Netflow: Monitor Bandwidth & Network Utilizatio...
Monitoring network traffic & bandwidth usage via Netflow is mandatory for any type and size network. Gaining visibility into user traffic, appl...
Complete Guide to Netflow: How Netflow & its Co...
This article will cover the basics of Netflow, including its use cases, Netflow supported devices, Netflow history, and variants. We’ll also dive i...
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VLAN Networks
VLANs - IEEE 802.1q Trunk Link Protocol Analysis
While the VLAN Tagging article briefly covered the IEEE 802.1q protocol this article will continue building upon it by further analyzing the IEEE 802.1q...
VLAN Networks
Comparing Traditional Flat & VLAN Networks
Designing and building a network is not a simple job. VLANs are no exception to this rule, in fact they require a more sophisticated approach because of...
VLAN Networks
Static VLANs
VLANs are usually created by the network administrator, assigning each port of every switch to a VLAN. Depending on the network infrastructure and secur...
VLAN Networks
InterVLAN Routing - Routing between VLAN Networks
This article deals with the popular topic of InterVLAN routing, which is used to allow routing & communication between VLAN networks. Our article an...
Routing
OSPF - Part 2: How OSPF Protocol Works & Basic Conce...
This article covers basic OSPF concepts and operation. We explain how OSPF works, how OSPF tables are built on an OSPF-enabled router and their purpose ...
Routing
Routing Information Protocol - RIP
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance-vector routing protocol that is commonly used in small to medium-sized networks. It is one of the...
Routing
The IP Routing Process - Step-by-Step Analysis
We are going to analyse what happens when routing occurs on a network (IP routing process). When I was new to the networking area, I thought that all yo...
Routing
Interior Gateway Protocol - IGRP
IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) is a Cisco proprietary distance-vector routing protocol used in enterprise networks to exchange routing informa...
Cisco Routers
Cisco Router Basic ISDN Configuration
Configuration of ISDN interfaces on Cisco routers are usually considered a straight-forward process, however there are some details which can cause your...
Cisco Switches
Cisco Catalyst 4500 Series Zero-Downtime IOS Upgrade...
The Supervisor Engine is the heart of the Cisco Catalyst 4500 and 6500 series switches. It is the equivalent of an engine in a car. Every packet that en...
Windows Servers
Free Hyper-V eBook - Create, Manage and Troubleshoot...
With the introduction of Hyper-V on the Windows Server platform, virtualization has quickly become the de facto standard for all companies seeking to co...
Windows Servers
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Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a UDP protocol that uses port 161 to monitor and collect detailed information on any network device support...